Governements

4th of January Independence


The ABAKO section of the Kalamu municipality announced a meeting on the premises of the YMCA for Sunday 4 January 1959 at 14h00. This meeting follows the conference held a week previously, by delegates to the Pan African Conference in Accra for which KASA-VUBU could not obtain a visa. One must note the new concept appearing during these discussions, namely Pan Africanism. What would be KASA-VUBU’s attitude?

One week prior to the governmental declaration announced by the minister VAN HEMELRYCK for 13 January, it was a sure bet that the president of ABAKO would seize the opportunity to publicly express his views. The colonial administration, fearing the consequences of such an obvious political opportunity, prohibited the meeting. KASA-VUBU – some time before 15h00, went to the YMCA premises, gave a small speech to calm down the population who gathered despite the ban. The over-excited crowd could hardly fathom what he said.

“Today’s section meeting is postponed to 18 January 1959. You are all waiting anxiously to hear about the development of your destiny. You claimed your independence. The Belgian government will issue its declaration on 13 of this month. Have faith. The representatives will study the reply of the Belgian government. Depart and have faith in your request”. Soon after the president of ABAKO arrived at home, blood flowed as skirmishes between policemen and protesters erupted and widespread rioting broke out. After the Police Force intervened, tens of people were left dead and injured.

For the Europeans, there was no doubt that the person responsible for the rioting could only be KASA-VUBU, the man who hates the Whites, the xenophobe, the man who incites the people against the authority, the ambitious and pretentious man. The legal authorities capitulated to the weight of public opinion. As for the administration, it finally had found the opportunity to avenge itself.

From 4th of January Independence


The ABAKO section of the Kalamu municipality announced a meeting on the premises of the YMCA for Sunday 4 January 1959 at 14h00. This meeting follows the conference held a week previously, by delegates to the Pan African Conference in Accra for which KASA-VUBU could not obtain a visa. One must note the new concept appearing during these discussions, namely Pan Africanism. What would be KASA-VUBU’s attitude?

One week prior to the governmental declaration announced by the minister VAN HEMELRYCK for 13 January, it was a sure bet that the president of ABAKO would seize the opportunity to publicly express his views. The colonial administration, fearing the consequences of such an obvious political opportunity, prohibited the meeting. KASA-VUBU – some time before 15h00, went to the YMCA premises, gave a small speech to calm down the population who gathered despite the ban. The over-excited crowd could hardly fathom what he said.

"Today’s section meeting is postponed to 18 January 1959. You are all waiting anxiously to hear about the development of your destiny. You claimed your independence. The Belgian government will issue its declaration on 13 of this month. Have faith. The representatives will study the reply of the Belgian government. Depart and have faith in your request". Soon after the president of ABAKO arrived at home, blood flowed as skirmishes between policemen and protesters erupted and widespread rioting broke out. After the Police Force intervened, tens of people were left dead and injured.

For the Europeans, there was no doubt that the person responsible for the rioting could only be KASA-VUBU, the man who hates the Whites, the xenophobe, the man who incites the people against the authority, the ambitious and pretentious man. The legal authorities capitulated to the weight of public opinion. As for the administration, it finally had found the opportunity to avenge itself.

From 5 January, under the pretext of "KASA-VUBU’s abstention before the disorders occurring in his municipality", he is dismissed from his functions as Mayor and the Public Prosecutor’s department decrees his warrant of arrest. But KASA-VUBU is not at home, he cannot be found. Meanwhile, the main leaders of ABAKO are arrested, while others took refuge in Brazzaville to constitute a "committee of defense". A few days later, KASA-VUBU presented himself to the authorities. He, in turn, is arrested and imprisoned. It has since been proved that these arrests were an error, not only on the political level but also on the legal level. Minister VAN HEMELRYCK realized it, and falling out of the good graces of the colonial administration, he himself arrived in Léopoldville to free KASA-VUBU.

In Belgium, the events of 4 January 1959 provoked some kind of collapse. Suddenly, the whole "Congo dream", the great Belgian dream of a model and harmonious colony has suddenly fallen apart. Belgian public opinion is disturbed. Since perfect colonisation is no longer possible, is a perfect decolonisation not the best solution? In any event, no more riots, no more repression, no more blood, the Belgian people reckon. Finally, the Belgian

Parliament sent to the Congo a parliamentary commission of enquiry which landed in Léopoldville on 14 January.

On 13 January a great event took place: the governmental declaration. The Minister of Congo decided to adopt all the conclusions made by the workshop except one point of substantial psychological extent: Belgium’s explicit promise to lead the Congo towards Independence. The report does not contain the word independent, while at the same time clearly posing the issue. Faced with the insistence of the Congolese academics wanting the word "independence" mentioned in the report, the governmental declaration is finally preceded by a royal message. The key article can be summarized as follows:

"Our resolution today is to lead, without disastrous prevarication, but also without inconsiderate haste, the Congolese populations towards independence, in prosperity and in peace".

© Marie-rose Kasavubu

4th of January Independence


The ABAKO section of the Kalamu municipality announced a meeting on the premises of the YMCA for Sunday 4 January 1959 at 14h00. This meeting follows the conference held a week previously, by delegates to the Pan African Conference in Accra for which KASA-VUBU could not obtain a visa. One must note the new concept appearing during these discussions, namely Pan Africanism. What would be KASA-VUBU’s attitude?

One week prior to the governmental declaration announced by the minister VAN HEMELRYCK for 13 January, it was a sure bet that the president of ABAKO would seize the opportunity to publicly express his views. The colonial administration, fearing the consequences of such an obvious political opportunity, prohibited the meeting. KASA-VUBU – some time before 15h00, went to the YMCA premises, gave a small speech to calm down the population who gathered despite the ban. The over-excited crowd could hardly fathom what he said.

“Today’s section meeting is postponed to 18 January 1959. You are all waiting anxiously to hear about the development of your destiny. You claimed your independence. The Belgian government will issue its declaration on 13 of this month. Have faith. The representatives will study the reply of the Belgian government. Depart and have faith in your request”. Soon after the president of ABAKO arrived at home, blood flowed as skirmishes between policemen and protesters erupted and widespread rioting broke out. After the Police Force intervened, tens of people were left dead and injured.

For the Europeans, there was no doubt that the person responsible for the rioting could only be KASA-VUBU, the man who hates the Whites, the xenophobe, the man who incites the people against the authority, the ambitious and pretentious man. The legal authorities capitulated to the weight of public opinion. As for the administration, it finally had found the opportunity to avenge itself.

BIRERE, MARIE-ROSE, NZONDOMIO, SETI

Du 4 Janvier à l’indépendance


La section ABAKO de la commune de Kalamu annonce une réunion dans les locaux du YMCA pour le dimanche 4 Janvier 1959 à 14 heures. Cette réunion fait suite au meeting tenu une semaine avant, par les délégués á la conférence Panafricaine d’Accra pour laquelle KASA-VUBU n’avait pu obtenir un visa. Il faudrait noter le nouveau concept apparu lors de ces assises á savoir le Panafricanisme. L’on se demande alors qu’elle sera l’attitude de KASA-VUBU?

Il y a gros à parier que le président de l’ABAKO choisira cette occasion pour exprimer publiquement son point de vue, à une semaine de la déclaration gouvernementale annoncée par le ministre VAN HEMELRYCK pour le 13 Janvier. L’administration coloniale redoute les conséquences d’une surenchère politique aussi prévisible. Aussi, l’autorité interdit-elle la tenue de cette réunion.A la date susdite, KASA-VUBU, peu avant quinze heures, se rend à la place YMCA, y prononce une petite allocution pour calmer la population qui s’y était agglutinée en dépit de l’interdiction. La foule surrexcitée comprend à peine ce qu’il dit:

" La réunion sectionnaire d’aujourd’hui est reportée au 18 Janvier 1959. Vous avez tous le grand désir d’attendre l’essor de votre destinée. Vous avez demandé l’indépendance. Le gouvernement belge nous fera sa déclaration le 13 courant. Ayez confiance. Les représentants étudieront la réponse du gouvernement belge. Partez, et ayez foi en votre demande ". A peine le président de l’ABAKO a-t-il regagné sa demeure que la bagarre éclate. Echauffourées entre policiers et manifestants, le sang coule. Les incidents tournent à l’émeute générale. Après l’intervention de la Force Publique, le bilan se solde pour cette seule journée par des dizaines de morts et de blessés.

Pour les Européens, il n’y a aucun doute: le responsable de l’émeute ne peut-être que KASA-VUBU, l’homme qui hait le blanc, le xénophobe, celui qui excite le peuple contre l’autorité, l’ambitieux, le prétentieux. Les autorités judiciaires cèdent, elles aussi, au courant de l’opinion générale. Quant à l’administration, elle trouve enfin l’occasion de prendre sa revanche.

Dès le 5 Janvier, sous prétexte de " l’abstention de KASA-VUBU devant les désordres survenus dans sa commune" , il est revoqué de ses fonctions de bourgmestre et le Parquet lance à sa charge, un mandat d’amener. Mais KASA-VUBU n’est pas chez lui et il est introuvable. En attendant, on arrête les principaux leaders de l’ABAKO, tandis que d’autres se réfugient à Brazzaville pour y constituer un "comité de défense". Après quelques jours, KASA-VUBU vient se présenter lui-même aux autorités. Il est arrêté à son tour, et emprisonné. Il a été démontré, depuis que ces arrestations ont constitué une erreur, non seulement sur le plan politique, mais également sur le plan judiciaire.Le ministre VAN HEMELRYCK s’en rend compte, et devant la mauvaise volonté de l’administration coloniale, vient lui-même à Léopoldville libérer KASA-VUBU.

En Belgique, les événements du 4 Janvier 1959 provoquent une sorte d’effondrement. D’un coup, c’est tout le "Congo dream", le grand rêve belge d’une colonie modèle et harmonieuse qui s’écroule brusquement. L’opinion publique s’inquiète. Puisque la colonisation parfaite n’est plus possible, une décolonisation parfaite n’est-elle pas à envisager? En tout cas, plus d’émeutes, plus de répression, plus de sang, estime en gros le peuple belge.Finalement, le parlement belge décide l’envoi au Congo d’une commission parlementaire d’enquête qui débarque à Léopoldville le 14 Janvier.

Le 13 se situe un événement d’une autre importance: la déclaration gouvernementale. Le ministre du Congo se décide à adopter toutes les conclusions du groupe de travail sauf sur un point, d’une portée psychologique considérable: la promesse explicite de la Belgique d’acheminer le Congo vers l’Indépendance. Le rapport ne contient pas le mot indépendant, tout en organisant la chose. Devant l’insistance des intellectuels congolais qui tiennent à voir figurer dans ce rapport le mot ” indépendance”, la déclaration gouvernementale est finalement précédée d’un message royal dont les passages significatifs peuvent se présenter comme suit:

"Notre résolution est aujourd’hui de conduire, sans atermoiements funestes, mais aussi sans précipitation inconsidérée les populations congolaises à l’indépendance, dans la prospérité et la paix".

"Dans un monde civilisé, l’indépendance est un statut qui réunit et garantit la liberté, l’ordre, le progrès. Elle ne se conçoit que moyennant des institutions solides et bien équilibrées; des cadres administratifs expérimentés; une organisation sociale, économique, financière bien assise aux mains de techniciens éprouvés; une formation intellectuelle et morale de la population sans laquelle un régime démocratique n’est que dérision, duperie et tyrannie".

© Marie-rose Kasavubu